The 12 Year Devas
In ancient Khmer tradition, we believe that every New Year, the 12 Year Devas will change to protect the world and people. The Year Devas act as guardians who come and go throughout the year to bring happiness or misfortune to people's lives. When the New Year comes, we all hold a Sangkrant ceremony to welcome and worship the New Year Devas, believing that it is a way to bring good luck and protect against negativity.
Each of the 12 Year Devas has a name, a retinue, and wonderful items that they bring with them. They also have horses or elephants as their means of traveling to the world.
1. Mahasomana Deva
A year deva that is influential in bringing peace and prosperity. It is believed that in the year this deva rules, most people are healthy and their work is prosperous.
2. Krina Deva
A deva that brings knowledge and creativity. When it comes, it is believed that students and smart thinkers will succeed.
3. Tirta Deva
The deva has the power to protect against illness and failure. It is a year of high safety.
4. Munina
The deity brings love and harmony in the family. Especially those who are expecting marriage or the birth of a child will be blessed.
5. Sumana
Related to agriculture. Farmers will always get good harvests this year.
6. Krina (different from Krina above, according to some texts, the name is changed)
Brings luck in business.
7. Ranina
The deity brings good fortune, fitness and success in life.
8. Mahosana
Protects against natural disasters.
9. Virana
Influences strength and courage.
10. Mahaloeng
Corrects sins and bad deeds.
11. Krinasuma
Influences social participation and charity.
12. Mahasuvanna
The deity has power over wealth, property and financial fortune.
New Year's Traditions
On New Year's Day, Khmer people will perform rituals such as fasting, praying to God, atoning for sins, and holding bamboo shoots. As well as setting up a New Year's rice offering to welcome the New Year's gods. These include fruits, rice, three kinds of food, water, flowers, and candles, which are signs of respect and welcome.
This ceremony represents the hope that the New Year's gods will favor the family, bringing happiness, good health, and success in work.
Important Message
The 12 year gods are not scientific facts, but they are part of Khmer traditional civilization and art. They express faith, rights, and respect for nature and God. Preserving and continuing such traditions is the preservation of our national identity and rich arts.